Transformator (Transformator) AC kuchlanishini o'zgartirish uchun elektromagnit induksiya printsipidan foydalanadigan qurilma bo'lib, asosiy komponentlar asosiy bobin, ikkilamchi sariq va temir yadro (magnit yadro). Asosiy funktsiyalari: kuchlanish transformatori, oqim transformatori, impedans transformatsiyasi, izolyatsiyalash, kuchlanish stabilizatsiyasi (magnit to'yinganlik transformatori) va boshqalar. Uni quvvat transformatorlari va maxsus transformatorlarga (elektr pechka transformatori, rektifikator transformatori, quvvat chastotasi sinov transformatori, kuchlanish) bo'lish mumkin. regulyator, kon transformatori, audio transformator, oraliq chastotali transformator, yuqori chastotali transformator, zarba transformatori, asbob transformatori, elektron transformator) , Reaktorlar, transformatorlar va boshqalar). O'chirish belgilarida ko'pincha sonning boshi sifatida T ishlatiladi. Misol: T01, T201 va boshqalar.
Chiqish reaktori: inverterdan dvigatelga chiqadigan kabelning uzunligi mahsulotning belgilangan qiymatidan kattaroq bo'lsa, elektr quvvati yoqilganda, ulangan elektr sig'imining zaryadlash va tushirish ta'sirini qoplash uchun chiqish reaktorini qo'shish kerak. inverter oqimining oldini olish uchun kabel ishlayapti. Chiqish dv / dt reaktori: Dvigatelning izolatsiyasini ta'minlash uchun invertorning chiqish kuchlanishining ko'tarilish tezligini cheklash uchun normaldir. Sinusoidal to'lqin filtri: inverterning chiqish kuchlanishini va oqimini sinus to'lqiniga yaqinroq qilib qo'ying, dvigatelning harmonik domen koeffitsientini va dvigatelning izolyatsiya bosimini kamaytiring. Ushbu variantlar inverterning chiqish tomoniga o'rnatilishi kerak.
Quyida mahsulot namunasi va uning kiritilishi:
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4NC5112-0BC20；4NC5112-0CB21；4NC5112-2BC20；4NC5112-2CB21；4NC5113-0BC20；4NC5113-0CB21；4NC5113-2BC20；4NC5113-2CB21；4NC5115-0CC21；4NC5115-2CC21；4NC5117-0CC21；4NC5117-0DA21；4NC5117-2CC21；4NC5117-2DA21；4NC5121-0CC21；4NC5121-0DC21；4NC5121-2CC21；4NC5121-2DC21；4NC5121-2FA21；4NC5122-0CE21；4NC5122-0DE21；4NC5122-2CE21；4NC5122-2DE21；4NC5122-2FC21；4NC5123-0CE20；4NC5123-0CE21；4NC5123-0DE21；4NC5123-2CE20；4NC5123-2CE21；4NC5123-2DE21；4NC5123-2FC21；4NC5124-2FE21；4NC5125-2FE21；4NC5126-2FE21；4NC5222-0CE21；4NC5222-0DE21；4NC5222-2CE21；4NC5222-2DE21；4NC5223-0CE21；4NC5223-0DE21；4NC5223-2CE21；4NC5223-2DE21；4NC5224-0CE20；4NC5224-0CE21；4NC5224-0DE21；4NC5224-2CE20；4NC5224-2CE21；4NC5224-2DE21；4NC5225-0CE21；4NC5225-0DE21；4NC5225-2CE21；4NC5225-2DE21；4NC5227-2FE21；4NC5228-2FE21；4NC5231-2FE21；4NC5232-2FE21；4NC5325-0CE20；4NC5325-0CE21；4NC5325-0DE21；4NC5325-2CE20；4NC5325-2CE21；4NC5325-2DE21；4NC5326-0CE21；4NC5326-0DE21；4NC5326-2CE21；4NC5326-2DE21；4NC5327-0CE21；4NC5327-0DE21；4NC5327-2CE21；4NC5327-2DE21；4NC5328-2CE20；4NC5330-0CE21；4NC5330-0DE21；4NC5330-2CE21；4NC5330-2DE21；4NC5331-2DE21；4NC5431-0CH20；4NC5431-0CH21；4NC5431-0DH21；4NC5431-2CH21；4NC5431-2DH21；4NC5432-0CH21；4NC5432-0DH21；4NC5432-2CH21；4NC5432-2DH21；4NC5433-0CH20；4NC5433-0DH21；4NC5433-2CH20；4NC5433-2DH21；4NC5434-0CH21；4NC5434-2CH20；4NC5434-2CH21；4NC5435-0CH21；4NC5435-0DH21；4NC5435-2CH21；4NC5435-2DH21；4NC5436-2DK21；4NC5438-0CJ21；4NC5438-2CJ21；4NC5438-2DL21；4NC5440-0CJ21；4NC5440-2CJ21；4NC5440-2DM21；4NC5441-2CN21；4NC5441-2DN21；4NC5923-5LT21；4NC5925-5LT21；4NC5930-5LT21；4NC5940-5LT21；
7KT1223；7KT1222；7KT1260；7KT1542；7KT1548；7KT9030；7KT1546；7KT1545；7KT1543；7KT1540；7KT1242；7KT1238；7KT1900；7KT1664；7KT1666；7KT1533；7KT1668；7KT1236；7KT1662；7KT1682；7KT1531；7KT1673；7KT1233；7KT1671；7KT1665；7KT1907；7KT1667；7KT1530；7KT1908；7KT1661；7KT1663；7KT1681；7KT1672；7KT1670；7KT1652；7KT1654；7KT1656；7KT1110；7KT1120；7KT1200；7KT1651；7KT1653；7KT1655；7KT1202；7KT1201；7KT5600；7KT5823；7KT5833；7KT5822；7KT5821；7KT5801；7KT1255；7KT5500；7KT1254；7KT9010；7KT9011；7KT5812；7KT5814；7KT5811；7KT5601；7KT5602；7KT5603；7KT5604；7KT5802；7KT5803；7KT5804；7KT5806；7KT5807；7KT5505；7KT5501；7KT5502；7KT5503；7KT5504；7KT9000；7KT9021；7KT9020；
Ish printsipi:
Transformator temir yadro (yoki magnit yadro) va lasandan iborat. Bobin ikki yoki undan ortiq o'rashga ega. Elektr ta'minotiga ulangan o'rash birlamchi sariq deb ataladi, qolgan o'rashlar esa ikkilamchi sariqlar deb ataladi. U AC kuchlanishini, oqimni va impedansni o'zgartirishi mumkin. Eng oddiy temir yadroli transformator yumshoq magnit materialdan yasalgan temir yadrodan va temir yadroni qoplaydigan turli burilishlarga ega bo'lgan ikkita sariqdan iborat.
Yadroning roli ikki bobin o'rtasidagi magnit birikmani mustahkamlashdan iborat. Dazmoldagi girdab oqimi va histerezis yo'qotilishini kamaytirish uchun yadro qatlamli silikon po'lat plitalardan yasalgan; ikkita sariq o'rtasida elektr aloqasi yo'q va sariqlar izolyatsiyalangan mis simlardan (yoki alyuminiy simlardan) qilingan. AC quvvat manbaiga ulangan bitta lasan birlamchi lasan (yoki birlamchi bobin) deb ataladi va elektr moslamasiga ulangan boshqa lasan ikkilamchi lasan (yoki ikkilamchi bobin) deb ataladi. Haqiqiy transformator juda murakkab va muqarrar ravishda mis yo'qotilishi (lasan qarshiligini isitish), temir yo'qotilishi (temir yadrosining isishi) va magnit qochqin (havo bilan yopilgan magnit indüksiyon simi) va boshqalar mavjud. Munozarani soddalashtirish uchun faqat ideal transformator bu erda kiritilgan. Ideal transformatorni o'rnatish uchun shartlar quyidagilardir: qochqin oqimiga e'tibor bermaslik, birlamchi va ikkilamchi sariqlarning qarshiligiga e'tibor bermaslik, yadroning yo'qolishiga e'tibor bermaslik va yuksiz oqimga e'tibor bermaslik (ikkinchi darajali asosiy lasandagi oqim). bobin ochiq). Misol uchun, quvvat transformatori to'liq yuk bilan ishlaganda (ikkilamchi lasan chiqishi nominal quvvati), u ideal transformatorga yaqin.
Transformatorlar elektromagnit induksiya printsipi asosida ishlab chiqarilgan statik elektr jihozlari. Transformatorning asl bobini AC quvvat manbaiga ulanganda, temir yadroda o'zgaruvchan magnit oqim hosil bo'ladi, bu odatda ph bilan ko'rsatiladi. Birlamchi va ikkilamchi bobinlardagi ph bir xil, ph ham oddiy garmonik funktsiyadir. Jadval ph = phmsinōt. Faradayning elektromagnit induktsiya qonuniga ko'ra, birlamchi va ikkilamchi sariqlarda induksiyalangan elektromotor kuch e1 = -N1dph / dt va e2 = -N2dph / dt. Formulada N1 va N2 asosiy va ikkilamchi sariqlarning burilishlari. Ko'rinib turibdiki, U1 = -e1 va U2 = e2 (asl bobinning fizik miqdori 1 pastki belgisi bilan va ikkilamchi bobinning jismoniy miqdori 2 pastki belgisi bilan ifodalanadi). = N1 / N2, transformatorning transformatsiya nisbati deb ataladi. Yuqoridagi formuladan U1 / U2 = -N1 / N2 = -k, ya'ni transformatorning birlamchi va ikkilamchi lasan kuchlanishlarining samarali qiymatining nisbati uning aylanish nisbati va birlamchi va ikkilamchi lasan orasidagi fazalar farqiga teng. kuchlanishlar p.
Bundan tashqari, xulosa qilinadi:
U1 / U2 = N1 / N2
Yuksiz oqimni e'tiborsiz qoldirish mumkin bo'lgan holatda, I1 / I2 = -N2 / N1 mavjud, ya'ni birlamchi va ikkilamchi lasan oqimining samarali qiymati burilishlar soniga teskari proportsionaldir va fazalar farqi p.
O'z navbatida mavjud
I1 / I2 = N2 / N1
Ideal transformatorning birlamchi va ikkilamchi sariqlarining kuchi P1 = P2 ga teng. Bu ideal transformatorning o'zi hech qanday quvvat yo'qotmasligini ko'rsatadi. Haqiqiy transformator har doim yo'qotishlarga ega va uning samaradorligi ē = P2 / P1. Quvvat transformatorlarining samaradorligi juda yuqori, 90% dan ortiq
Xarakterli parametrlar:
ish chastotasi
Transformator yadrosining yo'qolishi chastota bilan katta aloqaga ega, shuning uchun u foydalanish chastotasiga qarab ishlab chiqilishi va ishlatilishi kerak. Bu chastota ish chastotasi deb ataladi.
nominal quvvat
Belgilangan chastota va kuchlanish ostida transformator belgilangan harorat ko'tarilishining chiqish quvvatidan oshmasdan uzoq vaqt ishlashi mumkin.
Nominal kuchlanish
Transformatorning bobida qo'llanilishiga ruxsat etilgan kuchlanishni nazarda tutadi, bu ish paytida belgilangan qiymatdan katta bo'lmasligi kerak.
Kuchlanish nisbati
Transformatorning birlamchi kuchlanishi va ikkilamchi kuchlanish nisbatiga ishora qiladi, yuksiz kuchlanish nisbati va yuk kuchlanish nisbati o'rtasida farq bor.
Bo'sh oqim
Transformatorning ikkilamchi ochiq bo'lsa, birlamchi hali ham ma'lum bir oqimga ega. Oqimning bu qismi yuksiz oqim deb ataladi. Yuksiz oqim magnitlanish oqimidan (magnit oqim hosil qiluvchi) va temir yo'qotish oqimidan (yadro yo'qolishidan kelib chiqadi) iborat. 50 Gts quvvat transformatori uchun yuksiz oqim asosan magnitlanish oqimiga teng.
Yukni yo'qotish
Transformator ikkilamchi ochiq bo'lsa, birlamchi quvvatda o'lchangan quvvat yo'qotilishiga ishora qiladi. Asosiy yo'qotish - asosiy yo'qotish, keyin birlamchi lasan mis qarshiligidagi yuksiz oqim yo'qolishi (mis yo'qolishi), yo'qotishning bu qismi juda kichik.
samaradorligi
Ikkilamchi quvvat P2 ning asosiy P1 quvvatiga nisbati foizini bildiradi. Odatda, transformatorning nominal quvvati qanchalik katta bo'lsa, samaradorlik shunchalik yuqori bo'ladi.
Yalıtım qarshilik
Bu transformatorning har bir bobini va har bir bobin va temir yadro o'rtasidagi izolyatsiya ishini ko'rsatadi. Izolyatsiyaga qarshilik darajasi ishlatiladigan izolyatsion materialning ishlashi, harorat darajasi va namlik darajasi bilan bog'liq.
